Design Layout of the Apollo 11

Columbia

During the journey to and from the Moon, Columbia—its interior
 space about as roomy as a large automobile—served as main
 quarters for the astronauts, a place for working and living.

The blunt-end design for the Command Module was chosen to
 build upon experience gained with the similarly shaped Mercury
 and Gemini spacecraft. The spacecraft reentered the atmosphere
 with its protective heat shield (the widest end of the spacecraft)
 facing forward. Layers of special "ablative" material on the
 shield were purposely allowed to burn away during reentry
 to help dissipate the extremely high temperatures caused by
 atmospheric friction.

Command Module Specifications

• Height: 3.2 m (10 ft 7 in)
• Maximum Diameter: 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in)
• Weight: 5,900 kg (13,000 lb)
• Manufacturer: North American Rockwell for NASA
• Launch Vehicle: Saturn V

Eagle

The Lunar Module (LM) was used for descent to the lunar surface and served as a base while the astronauts were on the Moon. A separate ascent stage, comprising the top portion of the Lunar Module, lifted the astronauts from the Moon's surface to rendezvous and dock with the command module, orbiting the Moon.

Because lunar modules were designed to fly only in the vacuum of space, they did not have to be streamlined like an aircraft or carry a heat shield for protection during reentry. Once a lunar module was launched into space, it could not return to Earth.

Maintaining Materials

The LM cutaway appears just as it would have during a moon-landing mission. Several materials cover the spacecraft to protect its inner structure from temperature and micrometeoroids. Specially designed materials maintain temperature balance inside the craft.

The black materials on parts of the LM are heat-resistant nickel-steel alloy, 0.0021072 millimeters (0.0000833 inches) thick. The black sheets absorb heat when exposed to the Sun and radiate to the blackness of deep space.

Not metal foil, these plastic films are thinly coated with aluminum, which reflects the sun's heat and insulates the spacecraft. The thin, gold-colored films are used in "blankets" of up to 25 layers. All of the plastic films protect the spacecraft from micrometeoroids.

A Two-Stage System

The lunar module had two stages:
1. A silver-and-black ascent stage, containing the crew's pressurized compartment and the clusters of rockets that controlled the spacecraft
2. A gold-and-black descent stage, similar to the ascent stage, containing a main, centrally located rocket engine and tanks of fuel and oxidizer

The descent (lower) stage was equipped with a rocket motor to slow the rate of descent to the lunar surface. It contained exploration equipment and remained on the Moon when the astronauts left. The ascent (upper) stage contained the crew compartment and a rocket motor to return the astronauts to the orbiting command module. After the crew entered the command module for the trip back to Earth, the lunar module was released and eventually crashed into the Moon.

To rejoin the command module, the astronauts fired the ascent-stage rocket engine and lifted off, leaving the descent stage on the Moon. The ascent stage met and docked with the command module in lunar orbit. The ascent stage then was programmed to crash into the Moon.

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Lunar Module Cockpit

This is a full-size mock-up of a Lunar Module cockpit, identical in appearance to the cockpits of the lunar modules used to land on the Moon. Sixteen rockets that can be fired automatically or manually control the attitude of the Lunar Module. An interior view of the Museum's Lunar Module-2 highlights similar features of a cockpit.

Lunar Module Specifications

• Weight (empty): 3920 kg (8650 lb)
• Weight (with Crew & Propellant): 14,700 kg (32,500 lb)
• Height: 7.0 m (22 ft 11 in)
• Width: 9.4 m (31 ft 00 in)
• Descent Engine Thrust: 44,316 Newtrons (9870 lb) maximum, 4710 Newtons (1050 lb) minimum
• Ascent Engine Thrust: 15,700 Newtons (3500 lb)
• Fuel: 50-50 mix of Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine (UDMH) & Hydrazine
• Oxydizer: Nitrogen Tetroxide
• Prime Contractor: Grumman Aerospace Corporation

Information received from: 

http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/apollo-11/about-the-spacecraft.cfm